The chemical reactions, which take place at the surface of electrodes are called electrode processes.
According to the theory of ionization, electrolytes are present as ions in solution. These ions are directed towards the respective electrodes by the electricity supplied.
The electrolytes can be electrolyzed only in the dissolved or molten state.
Electrolysis is a process whereby a compound is decomposed into its constituent elements when an electric current passes through an electrolyte.
A simple electrolytic cell consists of a battery, an electrolyte and two electrodes.
Electrodes are conductors in the form of wires, rods or plates which pass electricity through the electrolyte during electrolysis.
Electrodes that do not take part in chemical reactions during electrolysis are known as inert electrodes. Examples are graphite (carbon) and platinum electrodes.
Electrodes that take part in chemical reactions during electrolysis are known as active electrodes. Examples are metal electrodes such as copper and silver.
The electrode which is connected to the positive terminal of a battery is called the anode while the electrode which is connected to the negative terminal of a battery is called the cathode.
Electrolytes are substances that can conduct electricity either in molten state or in aqueous solution, and undergo chemical changes.
Electrolytes can conduct electricity because the presence of free moving ions.
Examples of electrolytes are
- acid solutions
- alkali solutions
- salt solutions
- molten ionic compounds
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